（四）動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

I．要點(diǎn)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：

Sometimes, we go swimming after school

（2）表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：

The earth goes round the sun.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1) 表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：

What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：

He is always doing good deeds.

3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, ever 等詞連用。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般將來時(shí)

表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般過去時(shí)

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：

It happened many years ago.

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、過去完成時(shí)

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

８、一般過去將來時(shí)

表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

９、被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。

時(shí)／式

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

現(xiàn)在

am

is given

are

am

is being

are

has

been given

have

過去

was

given

were

was

being given were

had been given

將來

shall

be given

will

shall

have been given

will

過去將來

should

be given

would

should

have been given

would

II．例題

例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。