1. 你能理解這個(gè) if not, not. 嗎
If the weather is fine, we will go. If ______, ______.
A. not, not B. no, noC. not, noD. no, not
此題應(yīng)選A。這是一個(gè)省略句, 若補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是：
If the weather is fine, we will go. If the weatheris NOT fine, we will NOT go. 如果天氣好, 我們就去, 若天氣不好, 我們就不去。
該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定, 后句為否定, 為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見, 將后句與前句相同部分省略, 只保留否定詞 not。類似的例子(只保留否定詞not)如：
1. —Can you repair it yourself? 你自己會(huì)修嗎?
—I am afraid not. 恐怕不行。
(=I am afraid I can’t repair it myself. )
2. —Did you know anything about it? 這事你以前知 道嗎?
—Not until you told me. 你告訴我才知道。
(=I didn’t know anything about it until youtold me. )
3. —Will it rain today? 今天會(huì)下雨嗎?
—I hope not. 希望不會(huì)。
(=I hope it will not rain today. )
2. 由連詞if構(gòu)成的省略
The books is well written and well printed. There are few, if ______, mistakes in it.
A. anyB. some C. other D. another
此題應(yīng)選A。這是一個(gè)省略句, 句中的if any＝if there are any(如果有任何錯(cuò)誤的話)。
下面是一些由連詞if構(gòu)成的省略實(shí)例：
1. There is very little water, if any. 即使有水也不多了。
(if any=if there is any water)
2. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, if necessary. 在必要的地方填上a, an, the。
(if necessary=if it is necessary)
3. Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish youwould go with me. 你今天下午忙嗎?要是不忙, 我想請(qǐng)你同我一起去。
(if not=if you are not busy)
4. If possible, I should like to have two copiesof it. 可能的話我希望有兩本。
(if possible=if it is possible)
5. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. 要是管理不善, 灌溉還可能會(huì)有害。
(if not well managed=if it’s not well managed)
6. If convenient to you I will come to see you this evening. 要是你方便的話, 我今晚來看你。
(if convenient to you=if it is convenient to you)
3. 如何理解這個(gè)if not better than
Jim plays football as well as, if ______ than, Mike.
A. no better B. not betterC. no good D. not good
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A。這是一個(gè)省略句, 其中的 ifnot better than＝if he doesn’t play footballbetterthan。全句意為：吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好, 至少也是一樣好。
請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：
1. Her pronunciation is as good as, if _____ than, her teacher’s.
A. no better B. not better
C. no goodD. not good
2. This bridge is as strong as, if _____ than, thatone.
A. no stronger B. not stronger
C. no strongD. not strong
3. In that business, he earned as much as, if _____than, $40000.
A. no moreB. not more
C. no much D. not much
4. He has been to Guilin as many as, if_____ than, ten times.
A. no moreB. not more
C. no much D. not much
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B
4. 如何理解這個(gè)the poor poorer
In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and ______.
A. the poor the poor B. poor poor C. the poor poorer D. poorer the poor
此題應(yīng)選C。這是一個(gè)省略句, 若補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)為：
In some western countries, the rich are becomingricher, and the poor are becoming poorer. 在有些西方國(guó)家, 富人變得更富, 而窮人則變得更窮。
前后兩句謂語相同, 后句承前省略。類似的有：
1. I am a teacher and my sister a nurse. 我是老師我姐姐是護(hù)士。
(...my sister a nurse=...my sister is a nurse)
2. John won the first race and Mick the second. 約翰贏了第一場(chǎng)比賽, 米克贏了第二場(chǎng)比賽。
(...and Mick the second = ...and Mick won thesecond race)
3. In the accident the son was wounded, but themother killed. 在事故中, 兒子受傷, 母親喪命。
(...but the mother killed=...but the mother waskilled)
有時(shí)若后句的主語和賓語等與前句相同, 則可一起省去：
4. He did it and quite successfully too at the beginning. 他這樣做了, 而且一開始就很成功。
(=He did it and he did it quite successfully too at the beginning. )
