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英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作是執(zhí)行者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
They build this school.
They school is built by them.
1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
“助動(dòng)詞 +(及物動(dòng)詞的)過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動(dòng)詞的變化完全一樣。如：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
The thief was arrested.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
A new road is being built outside my house.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
The man was being questioned by the police.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
Your wallet has been found.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
By the time we got there. The work had been finished.(過(guò)去完成時(shí))
My sister would be taken care of by grandma.(過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))
Your watch will be repaired.(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：
在英語(yǔ)里，有一些動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)，所以沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。以下動(dòng)詞只有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
appear, die, happen, fall, arrive.
2、五種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例
① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
A lot of books are kept in our school library.
Radio is used in everyday life.
② 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
A thief was caught last night.
They were asked to speak at the meeting.
③ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
A new library is being put up in their school now.
The watch is being repaired.
④ 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.
The thieves will be arrested.
⑤ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
My bag has been stolen.
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.
3、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
① 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)。
② 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
③ 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。
④ 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。如：
We repaired the motor.
The motor was repaired by us.
