二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種：

1)陳述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑問(wèn)句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4)感嘆句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：

1)簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student.

2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.

3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。