內(nèi) 容 提 要
代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞，它們在句子中承擔不同的功用。
I人 稱 代 詞
一、主格人稱代詞有I, we, you, he, she, they, it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當主語和表語的代詞
1) Archibald Motley’s artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.
2) Legends often contain an element [A] of fact， but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.
3) Unlike [A] road vehicles， Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.
二、賓格人稱代詞有me, us, you, him, her, them, it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當賓語(含介詞賓語)的代詞
4) Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.
5) Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton， but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces， hands [D] ， and shoulders?
三、例題解析
1) C錯。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he。
2) C錯。 改為they are。C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。
3) D錯。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語從句中的主語，謂語為travel。
4) A錯。 改為me。
5) A錯。改為賓格us，因為前面是介詞of，us作其賓語，故用賓格。
II物 主 代 詞
一、表示人的物主代詞用my, our, your, his, her和their，指無生命的東西用its(但指國家時一般用she或her)，它們在句中作定語
1) A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.
2) Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有彈性的) solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率) of 1.591， though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡漿) as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.
3) Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.
二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(It’s theirs)、主語(Mine is there)、賓語(I don’t like hers)，與of連用可以作定語(the food of theirs)。
三、例題解析
1) A錯。 改為his。
2) B錯。 改為its。
3) D錯。 改為their。
III反 身 代 詞
一、反身代詞有myself, ourselves, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself。主語與賓語為同一人或物時，要用反身代詞(否則就不能用反身代詞)，反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起強調(diào)作用
1) All [A] the scouts(童子軍) got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.
2) Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.
3) Benjamin Banneker’s aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.
4) The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.
5) Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland， Ohio， the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.
6) Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration， the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.
7) When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister， he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .
二、例題解析
1) B錯。 改為themselves。
2) B錯。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語that卻指代shells，也就是說“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語與賓語不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them。
3) C錯。本句的主語為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在這里它作aptitude的定語)，而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語與賓語并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him。
4) D錯。 改為to him。動詞“presented”的(邏輯)主語是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。
5) B錯。 改為him。同上。
6) A錯。此處的them指主語plants，rid是及物動詞，由于主語與賓語指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves。
7) D錯。 改為for himself。
IV 不 定 代 詞
一、“every”(每一個)只作為定語使用，即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語，它不可與everyone(每一個)混淆。 everyone相當于名詞，它不可修飾其他名詞，只作主語或賓語
1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated， but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?
2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .
二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用
3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.
5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.
三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當于漢語的“一些”，作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其中some(包括它的合成詞something,someone, somebody)多用于肯定句，而any(包括它的合成詞anything, anyone, anybody)則用于疑問句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相當于漢語中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody時，形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊
6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.
四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思，可以用作定語修飾名詞或單獨作主語與賓語，其中前者只用來修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，后者修飾單復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，二者不能相互混淆
7) Lizards lack [A] the built?in body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .
8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful， but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses， crackers， and many other foods [D] .
9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms， the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.
五、one與other “one”作為代詞代替前面提到的人或物，它前邊加the; “other”作代詞修飾復數(shù)名詞。 “one…another”表示“一個…另一個”的意思，或表示多個(三者以上)之中的“另一個”，“又一個”; “one…the other”表示兩者之中剩下的“另一個，又一個”
10) I’d like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .
11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] ， he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.
六、 “few”和“l(fā)ittle”兩者分別為“many”和“much”的反義詞，表示“少，很少”的意思，有否定含義，即等于“幾乎沒有”，如若表示肯定的含義，則應(yīng)在little和few前加不定冠詞“a”，即變?yōu)椤癮 few”和“a little”
12) Because they are generally [A] taken simply to obtain a recognizable [B] and relatively clear [C] image， most non?prefessional photographs demand few [D] equipment.
七、 “a great deal (of)” (大量)只作為限定語修飾不可數(shù)名詞或在句中指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語或賓語
